On February 3, Federal Judge Ana Reyes temporarily halted the deportation of over 350,000 Haitian immigrants under Temporary Protected Status, blocking the Trump administration from ending protections while the case is reviewed BBC News. On February 26, the US Department of Justice asked the Supreme Court to allow the administration to end TPS for approximately 6,000 Syrian migrants Al Jazeera Al-Monitor. On March 17, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the cases but declined to immediately lift protections TRT World.

On April 16, the US House of Representatives voted 224-204 to extend temporary protections for 350,000 Haitians for three additional years, with 10 Republicans joining Democrats in a bipartisan rebuke of the administration's immigration policies Al Jazeera. A report by The Guardian on April 22 found that TPS holders contribute $29 billion annually to the US economy The Guardian. On April 25, the administration argued before the Supreme Court that courts cannot review its decisions to terminate TPS, affecting over 350,000 Haitians and 6,000 Syrians, and potentially impacting 1.3 million immigrants from 17 TPS-designated countries Al-Monitor. The Supreme Court heard oral arguments on April 28 and 29, with the central question being whether courts have authority to review DHS safety determinations and whether the terminations were improperly motivated CBS News Al Jazeera. On April 29, seniors and advocates rallied outside the US Capitol to support TPS holders who work as caregivers, as the Supreme Court heard the case NPR.

In a contrast to these termination efforts, the Trump administration extended TPS for approximately 11,000 Lebanese nationals on May 27, with protections running through November 27, 2026. The extension was automatic after the Department of Homeland Security missed the deadline to decide, amid ongoing fighting in southern Lebanon Al-Monitor The Guardian.

On June 16, lawyers for Haitian TPS recipients asked the Supreme Court to dismiss the case, citing new DHS documents showing the termination was preordained, with career staff overruled by political appointees NPR. On June 25, the Supreme Court ruled 6-3 along ideological lines to allow the administration to end TPS for approximately 350,000 Haitians and 6,100 Syrians Al-Monitor Daily Sabah. Justice Samuel Alito wrote the majority opinion, holding that the TPS statute bars judicial review of non-constitutional claims and that DHS decisions on TPS are not subject to court oversight Daily Sabah. The three liberal justices dissented, citing Trump's derogatory comments about Haitians as evidence of racial motivation The Independent. The ruling could affect nearly 1.3 million people from 17 countries, including Venezuelans, Salvadorans, and Ukrainians The Independent. In a related decision, the court also allowed the administration to block asylum seekers when border ports are overwhelmed The Independent. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres called on member states to fulfill their obligations towards refugees following the ruling. On June 26, a Doctors Without Borders worker described the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Haiti, noting that armed groups control most of Port-au-Prince, 60% of medical facilities are closed, and 1.5 million people are displaced Time.

On June 28, a DHS official stated that the termination does not mean immediate deportation, as some may apply for other statuses or choose self-deportation. By July 1, Haitian communities in Florida and New York faced the loss of work permits and deportation protection, with churches and advocates providing support Al-Monitor. On July 2, experts warned the ruling would worsen the nationwide healthcare workforce crisis, as immigrants make up approximately 9% of US physicians and a significant share of nursing aides, particularly affecting long-term care facilities and areas with large Haitian populations such as Boston, New York, and Springfield, Ohio NPR. The Department of Homeland Security announced that work permits would expire on July 10. White House Homeland Security Adviser Stephen Miller stated that every Haitian national on TPS will be returned to Haiti under President Trump. On July 3, Al Jazeera reported that the end of TPS for Haitians could trigger a caregiving crisis, as many TPS holders work in healthcare Al Jazeera. On July 9, The Guardian reported that experts further warned the ruling would worsen the caregiver shortage, as immigrants comprise 30% of long-term care workers. Haitians on TPS will be forced to stop working, exacerbating staffing crises in nursing homes and home care.

On July 26, CBS News reported that ICE had prepared plans to arrest and deport Haitian migrants following the end of TPS, with operations potentially targeting Springfield, Ohio. Over 330,000 Haitian immigrants faced losing TPS, with many working as nursing assistants. Despite a US travel advisory due to ongoing violence in Haiti, The Guardian reported that DHS claimed conditions had improved sufficiently to justify termination. On July 27, Time reported that ICE was preparing weekly deportation flights carrying about 250 people, targeting Ohio and Springfield, as more than 300,000 Haitian immigrants lost their legal status. Ohio Governor Mike DeWine criticized the plan, calling it a mistake that would harm Ohio's economy and send people back to dangerous Haiti CBS News.